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| Genetic enhancement in athletes ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Genetic enhancement in athletes
The use of gene therapy in athletes for reasons other than the treatment of disease. Genetic enhancement includes manipulation of genes or gene transfer by healthy athletes for the purpose of physically improving their performance. Genetic enhancement includes gene doping and has potential for abuse among athletes, all while opening the door to political and ethical controversy.〔Wells DJ. 2008. ("Gene doping: the hype and the reality" ). Br. J. Pharmacol. () 154:623–31.〕
== Reasons ==
Athletes may choose to pursue certain genetic therapies in order improve their athletic prowess. Current interest lies in somatic cell doping, therapy that effects the individual.〔Miah A. 2006. ("Rethinking enhancement in sport" ). Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. () 1093:301–20.〕 However, germ line cells can be genetically modified and those modifications can be passed down to subsequent generations.〔
Genetic modification within the body can lead to increased muscle mass, improved endurance, and decreased perception to pain. Genes such as insulin-like growth factor IGF1 and myostatin are targets for therapy due to their direct involvement with muscle mass. Endurance athletes could potentially use gene therapy to increase the oxygen carrying capacity of their blood. In addition neurological responses can be managed by varying the amount of endorphins released into the nervous system, potentially inhibiting pain reception.〔Friedmann T, Therapy HG. 2007. Is science killing sport?〕
Genetic enhancement may also be incorporated after surgical procedures to expedite healing processes and alleviate associated side effects.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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